Two varying perspectives are outlined in Chapter 5 of P&B. They are the "reading readiness" and "emergent literacy" perspectives. The afore mentioned perspective is a more traditionalist view based on maturationist theories of development. While the latter is more contemporary and based research from children who learned to read before having formal reading instruction.
The reading readiness perspective has the children focus on four sub-skills auditor discrimination(identifying ryhming words), visual discrimination(recognize colors and shapes), visual motor skills(color inside the lines of a picture), and large motor skills(walk a straight line). By being able to complete these objectives the students then showed that they were ready to read. So this perspective believes that they are steps that need to be taken before learning how to read.
The emergent literacy perspective focuses on exposing children to rich environments that are filled with reading and writing in a variety of forms and purposes. From this children will construct knowledge about form and function. Emergent literacy encourages parents to read to children and emphasizes the importanct of home-school connections
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